Òptica la Creu Blanca

Què es el glaucoma i com es pot prevenir

  • Per: comunicacio
  • 12/03/2021
La importància de prevenir el glaucoma

El glaucoma afecta un 3% de la població i la meitat dels afectats no s’adonen de la malaltia fins que les pèrdues de visió són irreversibles

El glaucoma afecta a un milió de persones a Espanya i a més de 60 milions a tot el món. És la primera causa de ceguesa irreversible a nivell mundial. Suposa un gran risc per a la salut visual, però també molèsties per al dia a dia. Ocasiona dificultats a la feina, provoca caigudes, pot causar problemes psicològics i suposa un autèntic perill a l’hora de conduir.

Què inclou el control del glaucoma?

El control consta d’una anamnesi, una avaluació de l’agudesa visual, la mesura de la pressió de l’ull, una biomicroscòpia i una oftalmoscòpia. També comptaràs amb l’assessorament per part d’un optometrista d’Òptica La Creu Blanca.

How Digital Wallet Adoption in Canadian Gambling Markets Has Evolved Over Time: A Betlama Analysis

The Canadian online gambling market has undergone a significant structural transformation over the past decade, and much of that change can be traced directly to shifts in how players choose to move money. Digital wallets — once a novelty in financial services — have become a central pillar of the betting experience for millions of Canadians. Understanding how this adoption curve unfolded requires looking at regulatory timelines, technological infrastructure, and the particular habits of Canadian consumers, all of which have interacted in ways that were not always predictable.

The Early Years: Skepticism and Slow Infrastructure (2010–2016)

When digital wallets first began appearing as payment options on offshore betting platforms serving Canadian players, adoption was minimal. PayPal had already established itself in e-commerce by the early 2010s, but its relationship with gambling merchants was complicated. In Canada specifically, PayPal’s gambling restrictions varied by province and by the licensing jurisdiction of the operator, creating a fragmented experience where a wallet that worked on one site was blocked on another. This inconsistency bred distrust among users who had already grown accustomed to the reliability of credit cards and direct bank transfers.

Neteller and Skrill — both owned by Paysafe Group — filled part of this gap during the 2010–2016 period, particularly for players on international platforms. These e-wallets had established relationships with gambling operators and offered a layer of separation between a player’s bank account and their betting activity, which appealed to privacy-conscious Canadians. However, the onboarding process was cumbersome by modern standards, requiring identity verification steps that many casual bettors were unwilling to complete. Adoption remained largely confined to experienced gamblers who placed high volumes of bets and valued the transaction speed and limits that e-wallets provided over standard banking methods.

Mobile payment infrastructure during this period was also underdeveloped in Canada relative to some European markets. Apple Pay launched in Canada in November 2015, one of the first markets outside the United States to receive the service, but its initial rollout was limited to a small number of participating financial institutions. Google Pay followed a similar pattern. Neither was immediately available as a deposit method on gambling platforms, partly because of the additional compliance layers required for gambling merchant category codes and partly because operators were still evaluating consumer demand.

The Regulatory Inflection Point: Single-Event Betting and Provincial Expansion (2017–2021)

The period between 2017 and 2021 was decisive for the Canadian gambling market in ways that directly influenced payment method adoption. The most consequential development was the passage of Bill C-218 in June 2021, which amended the Criminal Code of Canada to permit single-event sports betting — a form of wagering that had been effectively prohibited since 1985. Before this amendment, provincially regulated platforms like OLG in Ontario and Loto-Québec could only offer parlay-style bets, which pushed many Canadian sports bettors toward unregulated offshore sites. The legalization of single-event betting created the conditions for a more competitive, regulated market and, with it, pressure on operators to offer the payment methods that contemporary bettors expected.

Ontario’s launch of its iGaming regulatory framework in April 2022 — administered by iGaming Ontario, a subsidiary of the Alcohol and Gaming Commission of Ontario — was the single most important structural event for digital wallet adoption in the country. For the first time, private operators could apply for registration to offer online casino games and sports betting to Ontario residents under a regulated framework. This brought international operators with sophisticated payment infrastructures into a compliant environment, and those operators arrived with digital wallet integrations already in place from their European and other international markets.

It was during this period that Apple Pay began appearing as a viable deposit option on a growing number of Canadian-facing betting platforms. The combination of Touch ID and Face ID authentication, the tokenization of card data, and the near-instant processing made it particularly attractive for mobile-first bettors. Resources documenting which platforms had integrated Apple Pay became genuinely useful to Canadian players navigating a suddenly more complex market — for instance, https://betlama.com/apple-pay-betting-sites provides a structured overview of operators accepting this payment method, reflecting how the information gap around digital wallet availability had become a real consumer need rather than a niche technical question.

Consumer Behavior Shifts and the Mobile-First Reality (2022–Present)

By 2022, Canadian smartphone penetration had reached approximately 88 percent of the adult population according to data from the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission. This figure is not incidental to the story of digital wallet adoption in gambling — it is central to it. When the majority of betting activity migrated to mobile apps, the friction associated with entering 16-digit card numbers on small screens became a genuine usability problem. Digital wallets solved this problem by reducing the deposit process to a biometric confirmation, and operators who had not integrated them began losing ground to those who had.

Betlama’s analysis of the Ontario market post-2022 observed a measurable shift in deposit method preferences among new registrants, with contactless and digital wallet options accounting for a growing share of first-time deposits compared to the pre-iGaming Ontario baseline. This pattern aligns with broader Canadian retail payment trends documented by the Bank of Canada’s annual consumer payment survey, which has consistently shown year-over-year growth in contactless payment adoption since 2019, accelerated significantly by the behavioral changes of the COVID-19 pandemic period.

Apple Pay’s specific trajectory in Canadian gambling deserves particular attention because it differs from markets like the United Kingdom, where PayPal has historically dominated. Canadian consumers showed stronger affinity for device-native payment solutions — Apple Pay and Google Pay — compared to standalone e-wallet accounts. Industry observers attribute this partly to the relatively high iPhone market share in Canada, which consistently hovers between 55 and 60 percent of smartphone users, and partly to the deep integration of Apple Pay into Canadian banking infrastructure following the expansion of participating institutions between 2016 and 2019 to include all major Schedule I banks.

Withdrawal functionality has remained a more contested area. Most operators who accept Apple Pay deposits do not yet support Apple Pay withdrawals, routing return funds through bank transfers or alternative methods instead. This asymmetry is not unique to Canada — it reflects technical and regulatory constraints around refund processing through mobile payment networks globally — but it has slowed some users from fully committing to Apple Pay as their primary gambling payment method. Operators that have found workarounds, or that pair Apple Pay deposits with fast bank transfer withdrawals, have tended to receive stronger satisfaction scores in post-transaction surveys.

Regulatory Compliance and the KYC Intersection

One underappreciated dimension of digital wallet adoption in Canadian gambling is its intersection with Know Your Customer obligations. Under iGaming Ontario’s registration requirements and the broader anti-money laundering framework enforced through the Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada (FINTRAC), operators must verify player identities and maintain transaction records. Digital wallets, paradoxically, can both simplify and complicate this process.

On the simplification side, a verified Apple Pay or Google Pay account is linked to a bank account or credit card that has already passed financial institution-level KYC screening. This creates an implicit verification layer that some operators have been able to use to streamline their own onboarding processes, reducing the documentation burden on new players. Betlama’s review of operator compliance documentation noted that several platforms explicitly reference the verified status of digital wallet accounts as part of their tiered verification approach.

On the complication side, the tokenization that makes digital wallets secure also makes transaction tracing more opaque at the operator level. A payment processed through Apple Pay appears in the operator’s records as a token rather than a card number, which requires additional reconciliation steps when FINTRAC reporting thresholds are triggered. Regulators and operators have been working through these technical questions since the iGaming Ontario framework launched, and the solutions adopted in Ontario are likely to inform how other provinces approach digital wallet compliance if and when they develop their own regulated frameworks.

The evolution of digital wallet adoption in Canadian gambling is ultimately a story about the convergence of regulatory maturation, technological readiness, and consumer expectation. The years between 2015 and 2022 created the conditions — legal, infrastructural, and behavioral — for a payment landscape that would have been difficult to anticipate from the vantage point of 2010. What remains to be resolved is the withdrawal gap, the cross-provincial regulatory patchwork, and the question of whether newer payment technologies like cryptocurrency wallets will follow a similar adoption curve or face structural barriers that digital wallets managed to overcome. The Ontario experience provides the most detailed case study available, and the patterns emerging from that market will likely define Canadian gambling payment norms for the better part of the coming decade.

  • Anamnesi: qüestionari per conèixer i avaluar els hàbits i les necessitats visuals del pacient.
  • Agudesa visual: avaluació de la capacitat de distingir objectes a distàncies llunyanes.
  • Pressió intraocular: avaluació de la pressió interna de l’ull. Una pressió elevada és un dels indicadors del Glaucoma.
  • Biomicroscòpia: avaluació de la salut ocular de la part més externa de l’ull.
  • Oftalmoscòpia: avaluació de l’estat del fons d’ull o retina.

Què és el glaucoma?

El glaucoma és una malaltia ocular que actua danyant el nervi òptic. Ho fa destruint a poc a poc les fibres nervioses encarregades de transmetre els estímuls visuals al nostre cervell. Sense aquestes fibres, l’ull es va quedant sense visió, fent que el camp visual es vagi tancant. La sensació és com la de veure-hi des d’un túnel, amb un enfosquiment dels laterals. L’evolució de la malaltia pot acabar comportant la pèrdua irreversible de la visió.

Efectes del glaucoma en la reducció del camp visual

Quin és el tractament del glaucoma?

Sí, però cal detectar-lo a temps, controlar-lo i frenar-lo. Tot i que, malauradament, no és tant fàcil. Això és degut a una aparent manca de símptomes. No causa dolor i afecta els nostres ulls de forma gradual, lentament i a llarg termini. Per això sovint ens hi referim com la “malaltia silenciosa”. Per això, en general, els pacients no s’adonen de la malaltia fins que perden un camp de visió considerable. Una pèrdua que ja no es podrà recuperar. De fet, es calcula que la meitat de les persones afectades per glaucoma encara no ho saben.

La pressió de l’ull com a principal factor de risc

El glaucoma comença generalment amb l’augment de la pressió de l’ull, la hipertensió ocular. N’és el principal factor de risc, tot i que no l’únic. Pot diagnosticar-se amb una prova senzilla, ràpida i gens agressiva. Si amb aquesta revisió es comprova que hi ha una pressió del fluid ocular que no és normal, caldria tractar-se. Amb un tractament a base de col·liris, es miraria de controlar la malaltia i conservar la visió. Reduir la pressió intraocular ens ajudarà a frenar la malaltia i, en casos més greus, es podria requerir un tractament amb làser o l’ús de cirurgia.

Com es pot prevenir el glaucoma?

La gravetat de la malaltia fa que prengui importància acudir periòdicament a l’optometrista i revisar el nivell de pressió dels nostres ulls. Sotmetre’s a un examen de salut visual, almenys un cop l’any i especialment a partir dels 40 anys. Frenar-lo a temps és l’única forma d’evitar danys majors com la pèrdua de visió. Adoptar uns hàbits de saludables, una alimentació equilibrada i fer activitat física moderada contribuirà a preveure’n la seva aparició.

Principals grups de risc del glaucoma:

  • persones amb antecedents familiars.
  • persones majors de 40 anys.
  • persones que pateixen diabetis.
  • persones que tenen una miopia elevada.
  • persones amb lesions a la visió i cirurgies oculars prèvies.

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